CERES-RICE 品種參數

P1：基本營養生長期 (P1) 從出土到對光週期變化變得不敏感之前的這段時間。這段期間，水稻的生長主要受溫度影響。它的時間長度以「生長積溫」(GDD, 攝氏度-天) 表示，基溫為 9°C。 ! P1 Time period (expressed as growing degree days [GDD] in oC-d above a ! base temperature of 9oC) from seedling emergence during which the ! rice plant is not responsive to changes in photoperiod. This period ! is also referred to as the basic vegetative phase of the plant. ! Range: 150-800 oC-d. 數值範圍: 150-800 °C-d。 校準: 具有彈性，可以與實際觀察到的幼穗分化和開花日期進行比較來調整。 P2O 中文翻譯: 臨界光週期 (P2O) 說明: 這是指水稻發育達到最快速度所需的最長日照時間（以小時為單位）。如果日照時間超過這個臨界值，發育速度會減慢，導致生長延遲。 數值範圍: 11-13 小時，預設值為 12 小時。 校準: 除非有相關數據，否則不建議低於 11 小時。 P2R 中文翻譯: 光週期敏感係數 (P2R) 說明: 當日照時間每增加一小時超過臨界光週期 (P2O) 時，水稻發育（特別是幼穗分化）所延遲的時間，以生長積溫 (GDD) 表示。 數值範圍: 5-300 °C-d。 校準: 現代水稻品種的數值通常在較低範圍內。 P5 中文翻譯: 灌漿期 (P5) 說明: 這是從灌漿開始（開花後約 3 至 4 天）到生理成熟的這段時間，同樣以生長積溫 (GDD) 表示，基溫為 9°C。 數值範圍: 150-850 °C-d。 校準: 在正確校準了 P1、P2O 和 P2R 以符合開花日期後，再根據實際成熟日期來校準 P5。 G1 中文翻譯: 潛在小穗數係數 (G1) 說明: 這是根據開花期時主莖（不包括葉片和葉鞘，但包括穗部）的乾重，估算出的每克乾重所含的潛在小穗數量。 數值範圍: 50-75 個/克。典型值為 55 個/克。 G2 中文翻譯: 單粒重 (G2) 說明: 在理想的生長條件下（光照、水分、養分充足，且沒有病蟲害），單顆稻穀的重量。 數值範圍: 0.015-0.030 克，預設值為 0.025 克。 校準: 彈性很低，不建議隨意調整。 G3 中文翻譯: 分蘗係數 (G3) 說明: 在理想條件下，相對於 IR64 品種的分蘗能力係數，是一個純量值。 數值範圍: 0.7-1.3。 校準: 分蘗能力較強的品種，其係數會大於 1.0。 PHINT 中文翻譯: 葉片出現間隔積溫 (PHINT) 說明: 在無逆境條件下，每片新葉的葉尖出現所需的時間間隔，以生長積溫 (GDD) 表示。 數值範圍: 55-90 °C-d，預設值為 83 °C-d。 校準: 除非有實地觀察到的葉片數量數據，否則不建議更改。 THOT 中文翻譯: 高溫致不稔臨界溫度 (THOT) 說明: 這是指一個溫度閾值，當溫度高於此值時，會影響小穗的結實率，導致不稔。 數值範圍: 25-34 °C，預設值為 28°C。 校準: 除非有高溫環境下的數據，否則不建議更改。 TCLDP 中文翻譯: 低溫致幼穗延遲臨界溫度 (TCLDP) 說明: 這是指一個溫度閾值，當溫度低於此值時，會進一步延遲幼穗的分化（除了 P1、P2O 和 P2R 的影響）。 數值範圍: 12-18 °C，預設值為 15°C。 校準: 除非有低溫環境下的數據，否則不建議更改。 TCLDF 中文翻譯: 低溫致不稔臨界溫度 (TCLDF) 說明: 這是指一個溫度閾值，當溫度低於此值時，會影響小穗的結實率，導致不稔。 數值範圍: 10-20 °C，預設值為 15°C。 校準: 除非有低溫環境下的數據，否則不建議更改。 *RICE CULTIVAR COEFFICIENTS: RICER048 MODEL ! ! COEFF DEFINITIONS ! ======== =========== ! VAR# Identification code or number for a specific cultivar. ! VAR-NAME Name of cultivar. ! EXPNO Number of experiments used to estimate cultivar parameters ! ECO# Ecotype code for this cultivar points to the Ecotype in the ECO ! file (currently not used). ! P1 Time period (expressed as growing degree days [GDD] in oC-d above a ! base temperature of 9oC) from seedling emergence during which the ! rice plant is not responsive to changes in photoperiod. This period ! is also referred to as the basic vegetative phase of the plant. ! Range: 150-800 oC-d. ! Calibration: flexible, compare with observed panicle initiation ! and flowering dates. ! P2O Critical photoperiod or the longest day length (in hours) at ! which the development occurs at a maximum rate. At values higher ! than P2O developmental rate is slowed, hence there is delay due ! to longer day lengths. ! Range 11-13 h. Default 12 h. ! Calibration: Do not go below 11 unless data are available. ! P2R Extent to which phasic development leading to panicle initiation ! is delayed (expressed as GDD in oC-d) for each hour increase in ! photoperiod above P2O. ! Range 5-300 oC-d. ! Calibration: Modern rice varieties will have values in ! the lower range. ! P5 Time period in GDD oC-d) from beginning of grain filling (3 to ! 4 days after flowering) to physiological maturity with a base ! temperature of 9oC. ! Range 150-850 oC-d. ! Calibration: Ensure P1, P2O and P2R are correctly calibrated for ! anthesis data. Then calibrate P5 for observed maturity date. ! G1 Potential spikelet number coefficient as estimated from the ! number of spikelets per g of main culm dry weight (less leaf ! blades and sheaths plus spikes) at anthesis. ! Range 50-75 #/g. A typical value is 55 #/g. ! G2 Single grain weight (g) under ideal growing conditions, i.e. ! nonlimiting light, water, nutrients, and absence of pests ! and diseases. ! Range 0.015-0.030 g. Default 0.025 g. ! Calibration: Very low flexibility. ! G3 Tillering coefficient (scalar value) relative to IR64 cultivar ! under ideal conditions. ! Range 0.7-1.3. ! Calibration: A higher tillering cultivar would have a coefficient ! greater than 1.0. ! PHINT Phyllochron Interval (oC-d). Time interval in degree-days for each ! leaf-tip to appear under non-stressed conditions. ! Range 55-90 oC-d. Default 83 oC-d. ! Calibration: Recommend to not change unless field data on leaf ! numbers are available. ! THOT Temperature (oC) above which spikelet sterility is affected by ! high temperature. ! Range 25-34 oC. Default 28oC. ! Calibration: recommended to not change unless hot environment ! data are available. Convert old cultivars THOT = 28./G4. ! TCLDP Temperature (oC) below which panicle initiation is further delayed ! (other than P1, P2O and P2R) by low temperature. ! Range 12-18 oC. Default 15oC. ! Calibration: recommended to not change unless cold environment ! data are available. Convert old cultivars TCLDP = 15.*G5. ! TCLDF Temperature (oC) below which spikelet sterility is affected by ! low temperature. ! Range 10-20 oC. Default 15oC. ! Calibration: recommended to not change unless cold environment ! data are available. Convert old cultivars TCLDF = 15.*G5. ! ! The cultivar coefficient G5 was added to DSSAT Version 4.7.5 ! The cultivar coefficients G4 and G5 were removed - DSSAT Version 4.8 ! The cultivar coefficients THOT, TCLDP, and TCLDF were added to DSSAT Version 4.8 ! ! P/G/N:Phenology/Growth/Not used for calbration ! @VAR# VAR-NAME........ EXPNO ECO# P1 P2R P5 P2O G1 G2 G3 PHINT THOT TCLDP TCLDF !Coeffient # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 !Calibration P P P P G G G N G N N 999991 MINIMA . DFAULT 150.0 5.0 150.0 11.0 50.0 .0150 0.70 55.0 25.0 12.0 10.0 999992 MAXIMA . DFAULT 800.0 300.0 850.0 13.0 70.0 .0300 1.30 90.0 34.0 18.0 20.0